NewsDetail-HYUNDAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES ENGINE & MACHINERY

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Feature of Eco-friendly Fuels

Fuel,Pros,Cons, CO2 (Tank to propeller,Oil is 1.0) , TRL1) (TechnologyReadiness Level) , Fuel Cost (ton) , Eng. Cost (Main Engine, oil is 1.0) ,LNG,LPG,Methanol,Ammonia,Hydrogen으로 구성
Fuel	Pros	Cons	CO2 (Tank to propeller, Oil is 1.0)	TRL1) (Technology Readiness Level)	Fuel Cost (ton)	Eng. Cost (Main Engine, oil is 1.0)
LNG	High energy density Big gas reserves Sulphur free	Higher CO2 emission than others	0.8	9	$310	1.4
LPG	Less CO2 than MGO Sulphur free	Heavier than air Easy phase change	0.9	9	$340	1.5
Methanol	Sulphur free Low CO2 emission Easy transport & Store	Toxic Low energy density	0.9	6	$410	1.5
Ammonia	Sulphur free Low CO2 emission Easy transport & Store	Toxic & Corrosive Low energy density No bunkering Infra. No IGF code	0.1	2	$500	1.7
Hydrogen	Sulphur free Low CO2 emission	High OPEX Low energy density No bunkering Infra.	0.0	-	Over $10,000	N/A

Fuel,Pros,Cons, CO2 (Tank to propeller,Oil is 1.0) , TRL1) (TechnologyReadiness Level) , Fuel Cost (ton) , Eng. Cost (Main Engine, oil is 1.0) ,LNG,LPG,Methanol,Ammonia,Hydrogen으로 구성
Fuel	Pros	Cons	CO2 (Tank to propeller, Oil is 1.0)	TRL1) (Technology Readiness Level)	Fuel Cost (ton)	Eng. Cost (Main Engine, oil is 1.0)
LNG	High energy density Big gas reserves Sulphur free	Higher CO2 emission than others	0.8	9	$310	1.4
LPG	Less CO2 than MGO Sulphur free	Heavier than air Easy phase change	0.9	9	$340	1.5
Methanol	Sulphur free Low CO2 emission Easy transport & Store	Toxic Low energy density	0.9	6	$410	1.5
Ammonia	Sulphur free Low CO2 emission Easy transport & Store	Toxic & Corrosive Low energy density No bunkering Infra. No IGF code	0.1	2	$500	1.7
Hydrogen	Sulphur free Low CO2 emission	High OPEX Low energy density No bunkering Infra.	0.0	-	Over $10,000	N/A

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Physical Properties of Eco-friendly Fuels

Property,MGO,LNG,LPG,Methanol,L_NH3,L_H2,Flash point [℃],Auto ignition temperature [℃],Boiling point at 1 bar [℃],Low Heating Value [MJ/kg],Density at 1 bar [kg/m3],Energy density [MJ/L],Fuel tank size,Ignition energy [MJ],Flammable concentration range in the air [%]으로 구성
Property	MGO	LNG	LPG	Methanol	L_NH3	L_H2
Flash point [℃]	52	-188	-105	11	132	-150
Auto ignition temperature [℃]	250	595	459	464	651	535
Boiling point at 1 bar [℃]	20	-162	-42	20	-34	-253
Low Heating Value [MJ/kg]	42.7	50.0	46.0	19.9	18.6	120
Density at 1 bar [kg/m3]	870	470	580	792	682	71
Energy density [MJ/L]	36.6	21.2	26.7	14.9	12.7	8.5
Fuel tank size	1.0	1.7	1.4	2.5	2.9	4.3
Ignition energy [MJ]	0.23	0.28	0.25	0.14	8	0.011
Flammable concentration range in the air [%]	0.6 - 7.5	5 - 15	2.2 - 9.5	5.5 - 44	15 - 28	4 -75

Property,MGO,LNG,LPG,Methanol,L_NH3,L_H2,Flash point [℃],Auto ignition temperature [℃],Boiling point at 1 bar [℃],Low Heating Value [MJ/kg],Density at 1 bar [kg/m3],Energy density [MJ/L],Fuel tank size,Ignition energy [MJ],Flammable concentration range in the air [%]으로 구성
Property	MGO	LNG	LPG	Methanol	L_NH3	L_H2
Flash point [℃]	52	-188	-105	11	132	-150
Auto ignition temperature [℃]	250	595	459	464	651	535
Boiling point at 1 bar [℃]	20	-162	-42	20	-34	-253
Low Heating Value [MJ/kg]	42.7	50.0	46.0	19.9	18.6	120
Density at 1 bar [kg/m3]	870	470	580	792	682	71
Energy density [MJ/L]	36.6	21.2	26.7	14.9	12.7	8.5
Fuel tank size	1.0	1.7	1.4	2.5	2.9	4.3
Ignition energy [MJ]	0.23	0.28	0.25	0.14	8	0.011
Flammable concentration range in the air [%]	0.6 - 7.5	5 - 15	2.2 - 9.5	5.5 - 44	15 - 28	4 -75

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